TUGAS SOFTSKILL B.INGGRIS
Chapter 1
Tense is used to show the relation between the action or state described by the verb and the time, which is reflected in the form of the verb. There are two basic tenses in English; the present tense and the past tense. The present is like the base form, although the third person singular adds -s. Regular verbs add -ed or -d to show the past tense, while irregular verbs change in many different ways, or not at all in some cases.
Source : http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/tense.html
chapter 2
Types of tenses :
1. Present tense
· Present Indefinate Tense
· Present Contineous Tense
· Present Perfect Tense
· Present Perfect Contineous Tense
2. Past tense
Past tense is the form of language used to refer to an event, transaction, or occurrence that did happen or has happened, or an object that existed, at a point in time before now. Compare with present tense, which refers to an event, transaction or occurrence which is happening now (or at the present time), or an object that currently exists; or with future tense, which refers to an event, transaction or occurrence that has not yet happened, is expected to happen in the future, or might never happen.
· Past Indefinate Tense
· Past Contineous Tense
· Past Perfect Tense
· Past Perfect Contineous Tense
3. Future tense
Future tense is the tense or time form of a verb used to refer to an event or occurrence that has not yet happened or is expected to happen in the future.
· Future Indefinate Tense
· Future Contineous Tense
· Future Perfect Tense
· Future Perfect Contineous Tense
· Past Future Tense
· Past Future Continuous Tense
· Past Future Perfect Tense
· Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Source : http://www.scribd.com/doc/7180275/Types-of-Tenses
Chapter 3
Example to tenses :
1. Present Tense
· Present Indefinate Tense
uses the verb's base form (write, work), or, for third-person singular subjects, the base form plus an -s ending (he writes, she works).
Present tense habitual activities are frequently signaled by time expressions such as the following:
| all the time always every class every day every holiday every hour | every month every semester every week every year most of the time never | often rarely sometimes usually |
Formula : S + Verb 1
Example :
· they study in every day.
· He goes to school in the morning.
· She buys an apple in the market.
· We eat an apple.
· I do homework.
Example to negative sentence
Formula : S + Do/Does Not + V erb 1
NOTE : I/WE /THEY/YOU → DO
HE/SHE/IT → DOES
· They do not study in every day.
· He does not go to school in the morning.
· She does not buy an apple in the market.
· We do not eat an apple.
· I do not do homework.
Example to Interrogative sentence (?)
FORMULA : DO/DOES + S +V1
· Do they study in every day ?
· Does he go to school in the morning ?
· Does she buy an apple in the market ?
· Do we eat an apple ?
· Do I do homework ?
( - ? )
· Do they not study in every day ?
· Does he not go to school in the morning ?
· Does she not buy an apple in the market ?
· Do we not eat an apple ?
· Do I not do homework ?
Note :
I / we / you / they → Infinitive ( verb ) without S or ES
He / she / it → infinitive ( verb ) + S / ES
· Present Continuous Tense
indicates continuing action, something going on now. This tense is formed with the helping "to be" verb, in the present tense, plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending).
Formula : S + to be ( is , am , are ) + Verb ing
Example :
· I am eating an apple right now.
· She is studying English now .
· They are building a school.
· We are reading in the library.
· Najib is writing homework.
Example to negative sentence :
Formula : S + to be + not +Verb ing
· I am not eating an apple right now.
· She is not studying English now .
· They are not building a school.
· We are not reading in the library.
· Najib is not writing homework.
Example to interrogative sentence (?) :
Formula : To be + S + Verb ing
· Am I eating an apple right now ?
· Is she studying English now ?
· Are they building a school ?
· Are we reading in the library ?
· Is najib writing homework ?
Example to interrogative sentence ( -? ) :
Formula : To be + S +not + Verb ing
· Am I not eating an apple right now ?
· Is she not studying English now ?
· Are they not building a school ?
· Are we not reading in the library ?
· Is najib not writing homework ?
Note :
She / he / it → IS
You/ they/we → ARE
I → AM
· Present Perfect Tense
is formed with a present tense form of "to have" plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in form).
Formula : S + Have / Has + Verb 3 ( Past Participle )
Example :
- She has lived here for two years
- They have studed English since 2010
- He has seen it
- I have eaten
- We have spoken to him
Example to negative sentence :
Formula : S + Have/ Has + Not + Verb 3
· She has not lived here for two years
· They have not studed English since 2010
· He has not seen it
· I have not eaten
· We have not spoken to him
Example to interrogative sentence : ( -? )
Formula : Have / Has + S + Not + verb 3
· Has she not lived here for two years ?
· Have they not studed English since 2010 ?
· Has he not seen it ?
· Have I not eaten ?
· Have we not spoken to him ?
Note :
They / We / I / You → Have
He / She / It → Has
· Present Perfect Continuous
indicates a continuous action that has been finished at some point in the past or that was initiated in the past and continues to happen. The action is usually of limited duration and has some current relevance.
Formula : S + Have / Has + Been + Verb ing
Example :
- She has been waiting for you since seven o’clock
- He has been studying English for over two years
- They have been staying at his place this month
- Rudi has been eating this morning
- I have been drinking a milk this morning
Example to negative sentence :
Formula : S + Have/Has + Not + Been + Verb ing
· She has not been waiting for you since seven o’clock.
· He has not been studying English for over two years.
· They have not been staying at his place this month.
· Rudi has not been eating this morning.
· I have not been drinking a milk this morning.
Example to interrogative sentence :
Formula : Have / Has + S + Been + Verb ing
· Has she been waiting for you since seven o’clock ?
· Has he been studying English for over two years ?
· Have they been staying at his place this month ?
· Has Rudi been eating this morning ?
· Have I been drinking a milk this morning ?
2. Past Tense
· Simple Past Tense
indicates that an action is in the past relative to the speaker or writer.
Formula : S + Verb 2
Example :
- She went to school yesterday
- I ate a chicken last week
- He made a cake in the kitchen yesterday
- They saw a good film last week
- We went to solo yesterday
Example To Negative Sentence :
Formula : S + Did / to be ( was ,were ) + Not + Verb 1
· She did not go to school yesterday
· I did not eat a chicken last week
· He did not make a cake in the kitchen yesterday
· They did not see a good film last week
· We did not go to solo yesterday
Example To Interrogative Sentence :
Formula : Did / to be ( was , were ) + S + Verb 1
· Did she go to school yesterday ?
· Did I eat a chicken last week ?
· Did he make a cake in the kitchen yesterday ?
· Did they see a good film last week ?
· Did we go to solo yesterday ?
· Past Continuous Tense
indicates continuing action, something that was happening, going on, at some point in the past. This tense is formed with the helping "to be" verb, in the past tense, plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending).
Formula : S + Was / Were + Verb ing
Example : - I was eating an apple yesterday
- She was studying English last week
- They were building a school yesterday
- We were reading in the library yesterday
- Najib was writing homework yesterday
Example To Negative Sentence :
Formula : S + Be ( Was/ Were )+ Not + Verb ing
- I was not eating an apple yesterday
- She was not studying English last week
- They were not building a school yesterday
- We were not reading in the library yesterday
- Najib was not writing homework yesterday
Example To Interrogative Sentence :
Formula : Be ( Was / Were ) + S + Verb ing
· Was I eating an apple yesterday ?
· Was she studying English last week ?
· Were they building a school yesterday ?
· Were we reading in the library yesterday ?
· Was najib writing homework yesterday ?
Note :
She / he / it / I → was
You / we / they → were
· Past Perfect Tense
TENSE indicates that an action was completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the past before something else happened. This tense is formed with the past tense form of "to have" (HAD) plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in form).
Formula : S + Had + Verb 3
Example : - She had lived here for two years
- They had studed English since 2010
- He had seen it yesterday
- I had eaten yesterday
- We had spoken to him last month
Example To Negative Sentence :
Formula : S + Had + Not + Verb 3
· She had not lived here for two years
· They had not studed English since 2010
· He had not seen it yesterday
· I had not eaten yesterday
· We had not spoken to him last month
Example To Interrogative Sentence :
Formula : Had + S + Verb 3
· Had she lived here for two years ?
· Had they studed English since 2010 ?
· Had he seen it yesterday ?
· Had I eaten yesterday ?
· Had we spoken to him last month ?
· Past Perfect Continuous Tense
indicates a continuous action that was completed at some point in the past. This tense is formed with the modal "HAD" plus "BEEN," plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending ).
Formula : S + Had + Been + Verb ing
Example : - She had been waiting for you since yesterday
- He had been studying English yesterday
- They had been staying at his place this month
- Rudi had been eating yesterday
- I had been drinking a milk yesterday
Example To Negative Sentence :
Formula : S + Had + Not + Been + Verb ing
· She had not been waiting for you since yesterday
· He had not been studying English yesterday
· They had not been staying at his place this month
· Rudi had not been eating yesterday
· I had not been drinking a milk yesterday
Example To Interrogative Sentence :
Formula : Had + S + Been + Verb ing
· Had she been waiting for you since yesterday ?
· Had he been studying English yesterday ?
· Had they been staying at his place this month ?
· Had Rudi been eating yesterday ?
· Had I been drinking a milk yesterday ?
3. Future Simple Tense
indicates that an action is in the future relative to the speaker or writer. There are no inflected forms for the future in English (nothing like those -ed or -s endings in the other tenses). Instead, the future tense employs the helping verbs will or shall with the base form of the verb:
Formula : S + Will /Shall + Verb 1
Example :
- She will post the letter tomorrow
- He will go to solo tomorrow
- They will help you with your homework tomorrow
- We shall meet you tomorrow
- I shall go to hospital tomorrow
Example To Negative Sentence :
Formula : S + Shall/ Will + Not +Verb 1
· She will not post the letter tomorrow
· He will not go to solo tomorrow
· They will not help you with your homework tomorrow
· We shall not meet you tomorrow
· I shall not go to hospital tomorrow
Example To Interrogative Sentence :
Formula :Shall/ Will + S +Verb 1
· will she post the letter tomorrow ?
· will he go to solo tomorrow
· will they help you with your homework tomorrow
· Shall we meet you tomorrow
· shall I go to hospital tomorrow
· Future Continuous Tense
indicates continuing action, something that will be happening, going on, at some point in the future. This tense is formed with the modal "will" plus "be," plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):
Formula : S + Will / Shall + Be + Verb ing
Example :
· She will be coming at seven o’clock tomorrow
- They will be helping you at six o’clock tomorrow
- He will be meeting you at ten o’clock tomorrow
- I shalll be going to hospital at six o’clock tomorrow
- Rani will be going to bandung at five o’clock tomorrow
Example To Negative Sentence :
Formula : S + Will/Shall+ Not +Be + Verb ing
· She will not be coming at seven o’clock tomorrow
- They will not be helping you at six o’clock tomorrow
- He will not be meeting you at ten o’clock tomorrow
- I shall not be going to hospital at six o’clock tomorrow
- Rani will not be going to bandung at five o’clock tomorrow
Example To Interrogative Sentence :
Formula : Shall/Will+S+ Be + Verb ing
· Will she be coming at seven o’clock tomorrow ?
- will they be helping you at six o’clock tomorrow ?
- will he be meeting you at ten o’clock tomorrow?
- shall I be going to hospital at six o’clock tomorrow ?
- will Rani be going to bandung at five o’clock tomorrow ?
· Future Perfect Tense
indicates that an action will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" plus "have" plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in form): "I will have spent all my money by this time next year. I will have run successfully in three marathons if I can finish this one.”
Formula : S + Will + have + Verb 3
Example : - he will have read a novel this week
- Roni will have done homework this week
- I will have made a blouse tomorrow
- They will have sawn a wood tomorrow
- I will have sewed a blouse tomorrow
· Future Perfect Continuous Tense
indicates a continuous action that will be completed at some point in the future. This tense is formed with the modal "WILL" plus the modal "HAVE" plus "BEEN" plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):
Formula : S + Will + Have + Been + Verb ing
Example : - Riri will have been working in this office for five years
- Rio will have been studying English for one years
- I will have been working in this hospital for two years
- She will have been studying german for three years
- He will have been working in this airport for five years
· Past Future Tense
Formula : I/ We /They → Should + Verb 1
You/He/She/It → Would + Verb 1
Example : - I should go to Jakarta the next day
- She would sell a house the next month
- He would come the next day
- We should go to Surabaya the next day
· Past Future Continuous Tense
Formula : I / We → Should + be + Verb + ing
You/They/He/She/It → Would + be + Verb + ing
Example :
- I should be selling a house the next day
- We should be going to Jakarta the next day
- She would be coming Batam the next month
- He would be buying a car the next month
· Past Future Perfect Tense
Formula : I / We → Should + have + Verb 3
You/They/He/She/It → Would + have + Verb 3
Example :
- She would have gone if he don’t sick
- I should have bought if I have money
- We should have read if we study
- He would have eaten if have ripe
· Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula : I / We → Should + have + been + verb +ing
You/They/He/She/It → Would + have + been + verb + ing
Example :
- By last January I should have been working in that hospital for one years .
- By last December she would have been studying in that Universitas for three years .
- By last April he would have been working in that office for two years .
- By last June we should have been studying in that Universitas for one years .
Chapter 4
Source :
Source:http://www.allwords.com/query.php?SearchType=3&Keyword=future+tense&goquery=Find+it!&Language=ENG&v_PageSize=25
Source : http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/future_perfect_progressive.htm
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