ADVERB VS ADJECTIVES
AND
DEGREE OF COMPARISON
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Name : Ruth Apriyana Tri Ayu
Class : 4EA17
NPM : 19211500
1.
Adverb Vs Adjectives
1)
Adverb
An adverb is a word
that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverb, determiner, noun phrase, clause or
sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree,
level of certainty, etc. Answering questions such as how, in what way, when,
where and to what extent. This function is called the adverbial function, and
may be realised by single words (adverbs) or by multi-word expressions
(adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses).
2)
Adjectives
Adjective is a word
used to describe a noun or pronoun that can be a person (person), where
(place), animal (animal), objects or abstract concepts. English adjective is
one of the eight parts of speech.
v Type Of Adjectives
a.
Adjectives
Modify Nouns
The word elephant is a
noun. Adjectives are added to nouns to state what kind, what colour, which one
or how many. Adjectives are said to modify nouns and are necessary to make the
meanings of sentences clearer or more exact.
Examples:
-
Follow the
yellow cab.
(In this example, the
adjective yellow modifies the noun cab.)
-
Craig caught a
large bass.
(In this example, the
adjective large modifies the noun bass.)
-
The principal
words should be in bold.
(Beware of the
adjective principal - see right)
b.
Adjectives
Modify Pronouns
Although less common,
adjectives can also modify pronouns.
Examples:
-
It is a blue
one.
(In this example, the
adjective blue modifies the pronoun one.)
v The Different Types Of Adjectives
Adjectives are
describing words. However, there are many other words that are classified as
adjectives, some of which do not fall easily under this description.
o Possessive Adjectives
Possessive adjectives are
used to show possession. They are my, your,his, her, its, our and their. (They
are a type of possessive pronoun.)
o The Articles
The words a, an, and
the are known as articles. They are classified as adjectives. A and an are
called the indefinite articles because they are used to indicate non-specific
people or things. The is called the definite article because it does indicate a
specific person or thing.
o Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative
adjectives are used to demonstrate or indicate specific things. This, that,
these and those are all demonstrative adjectives. If I hear that parrot again,
I will call the RSPCA.
o Indefinite Adjectives
Unlike demonstrative
adjectives, which indicate specific items, indefinite adjectives do not point
out specific things. They are formed fromindefinite pronouns. The most common
indefinite adjectives are no, any,many, few and several.
o
Numbers
Numbers are classified
as adjectives too.
-
Four dolphins
stayed with the boat until dawn.
(The adjective four
modifies the noun dolphins.)
-
All we could
muster was 9 cans of beans.
(The adjective 9
modifies the noun cans.)
3)
The Use Of
Adverb and Adjectives
§ Adverbs are used to give us more information about a
verb. They give us information on how something happens or how something is
done.
Verb + adverb
|
For
example:
·
She cried badly when her dog died.
↓
↓
Verb
Adverb
·
He easily climbed the wall.
↓ ↓
Verb
Adverb
Many English adverbs
end in –ly. They are often made by adding –ly to the end of an adjective: quick
+ ly = quickly
Sometimes
adjectives end in –ly.
For
example: Friendly, lonely and lovely.
Note
:
No adverb with the
following verbs → Forms of to be: am, is, are, was, were, have been, had been,
will be.
|
§ Adjectives
Adjectives are used to
tell us about nouns. They tell us about people and things.
For example :
o
That was a bad
film.
↓
Adjectives
o
My exam was easy.
↓
Adjectives
§ Adverb + adjective
Adverbs can be used
with adjectives. Take a look at the following examples:
Adverb+adjective
|
Example :
o Her necklace was horribly
expensive.
↓
↓
Adverb Adjectives
o She was terribly
sorry.
↓ ↓
Adverb Adjectives
4) The
Difference Of Adverb and Adjective
o
An adjective tells us more about a noun.
Example: an expensive car, a clever girl
o
An adverb tells us more about a verb.
Example: He talked nervously.
2. Degree Of Comparisson
1) Definition
When
adjectives and adverbs are used in comparisons, they take differnt forms. The
form an adjective or adverb takes depends on how many things are being
compared. The different forms of comparison are called degrees of comparison.
a.
Possitive Degree
Of an adjective in comparison is the
adjective in its simple form. It is used to denote the more existence of some
quality of what we speak about. It is used when no comparison is made.
as +
adjective (kata sifat) + as
not so +
adjective (kata sifat) + as
the same +
noun (kata benda) + as
|
Note :
Using not
so only to sentence negative, and as can
in use to sentence positive, negative and interrogative.
Ø Degree of Equality
- Positive degree is used to compare two things which are equal in status or same quality.
Note : Here the adjective in positive form is used with conjuction;
as + adjective + as
Example :
-
A grape is as delicious as a banana.
-
Ayu is as pretty as Tina.
-
Dimas is as big as Leo.
-
Diamond is as expensive as silver.
-
Siska is as rich as Ani.
Ø Degree of
Inequality
Positive
degree is also used to compare two things which are not equal & do not have
same status.
Note : Here the
adjective in positive form is joined with the conjunction not so ‐ as to express inequality.
Not so+ adjective + as
Example :
o Gold is not so useful as Iron.
o Hindi is not so difficult as Sanskrit.
o The city bus is not so crowded as it was yesterday.
b. Comparative Degree
Denotes the existence of a higher degree of the quality than the positive. It is used when two things (or two sets of things) are compared.
Note : Here the adjectives of comparative degree are followed by “than”, thus this kind of comparison is called Comparative degree.
Example :
§ This building is taller than any other building.
§ Apple is sweeter than orange.
§ River Nile in Africa is longer than river Ganga in India.
§ The peaks of Himalayas are higher than any other mountain peaks in India.
§ Hotel Taj is bigger than Hotel Meridian in Mumbai.
c. Superlative Degree
Denotes the existence of the highest degree of the quality. It is used when more than two things are compared.
Note : Here the adjective in superlative degree is preceded by the, thus
such sentences are said to be in Superlative degree .
Example :
§ Rose is the most beautiful flower.
§ Johny is the kindest of all.
§ Brown is the strongest man of all.
§ Heri is the most intelligent of the three boys.
§ Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.
By adding ‘er’ and ‘est’
| ||
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
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Bright
|
brighter
|
Brightest
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Black
|
blacker
|
Blackest
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Bold
|
bolder
|
Boldest
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Clever
|
cleverer
|
Cleverest
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Cold
|
colder
|
Coldest
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Fast
|
faster
|
Fastest
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Great
|
greater
|
Greatest
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High
|
higher
|
Highest
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Kind
|
kinder
|
Kindest
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Long
|
longer
|
Longest
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Small
|
smaller
|
Smallest
|
Strong
|
stronger
|
Strongest
|
Sweet
|
sweeter
|
Sweetest
|
Tall
|
taller
|
Tallest
|
Young
|
younger
|
Youngest
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By adding ‘r’ and ‘st’
| ||
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
Brave
|
braver
|
bravest
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Fine
|
finer
|
finest
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Large
|
larger
|
largest
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Nice
|
nicer
|
nicest
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Noble
|
nobler
|
noblest
|
Pale
|
paler
|
palest
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Simple
|
simpler
|
simplest
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Wise
|
wiser
|
wisest
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White
|
whiter
|
whitest
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By deleting the final ‘y’ and adding ‘ier’ and ‘iest’
| ||
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
Costly
|
costlier
|
costliest
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Dry
|
drier
|
driest
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Easy
|
easier
|
easiest
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Happy
|
happier
|
happiest
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Heavy
|
heavier
|
heaviest
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Lazy
|
lasier
|
lasiest
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Mercy
|
mercier
|
merciest
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Wealthy
|
wealthier
|
wealthiest
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By doubling the final consonats
| ||
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
Big
|
bigger
|
biggest
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Dim
|
dimmer
|
dimmest
|
Fat
|
fatter
|
fattest
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Hot
|
hotter
|
hottest
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Thin
|
thinner
|
Thinnest
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By using more and most
| ||
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
Active
|
more active
|
most active
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Attractive
|
more attractive
|
most attractive
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Beautiful
|
more beautiful
|
most beautiful
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Brilliant
|
more brilliant
|
most brilliant
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Careful
|
more careful
|
most careful
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Courageous
|
more courageous
|
most courageous
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Cunning
|
more cunning
|
most cunning
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Difficult
|
more difficult
|
most difficult
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Famous
|
more famous
|
most famous
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Faithful
|
more faithful
|
most faithful
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Proper
|
more proper
|
most proper
|
Popular
|
more popular
|
most popular
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Splendid
|
more splendid
|
most splendid
|
Irregular Comparisons
| ||
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
Bad
|
worse
|
worst
|
Evil
|
worse
|
worst
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Good
|
better
|
best
|
Ill
|
worse
|
worst
|
Far
|
farther
|
farthest
|
Well
|
better
|
best
|
Late
|
later
|
latest
|
Little
|
less
|
least
|
Much
|
more
|
most
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Many
|
more
|
most
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Near
|
nearer
|
Nearest
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Old
|
older
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Oldest
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Old
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elder
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Eldest
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Positive
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Comparative
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Johnsy is as clever as Rosy
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Rosy is not clever than Johnsy
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Benjamin is atleast as tall as Jane
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Jane is not taller than Benjamin
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Comparative
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Positive
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Lazar is brighter than Stalin
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Stalin is not so bright as Lazar
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Superlative
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Comparative
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Positive
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Akthar is the richest man in Kanpur
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Akthar is richer than any other man in Kanpur
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No other man in Kanpur is so rich as Akthar
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Superlative
|
Comparative
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Positive
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London is one of the biggest city in England
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London is bigger than most other city in England
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Very few cities in England are so big as London
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Superlative
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Comparative
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Positive
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Sheakespear is the greatest of all dramatists
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Shakespeare is greater than all other dramatists
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No other dramatist is so great as Shakespeare
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Positive
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Comparative
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Lazar is as strong as Lenin
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Lenin is not less strong than Lazar
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Positive
|
Comparative
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Superlative
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Some boys in our class are at least as intelligent as Benjamin
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Some boys in our class are not intelligent than Benjamin
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Benjamin is not the most intelligent boy in our class
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REFERENCE :
http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/adjectives.htm http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/how-use-adjectives-and-adverbs
Bernardi, C.2012.Cara Praktis Kuasai Grammar.Jogja Bangkit Publisher.Yogyakarta.
